报任少卿书 / 报任安书

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太tai史shi公gong牛niu马ma走zou司si马ma迁qian，再zai拜bai言yan。

少shao卿qing足zu下xia：曩nang者zhe辱ru赐ci书shu，教jiao以yi慎shen于yu接jie物wu，推tui贤xian进jin士shi为wei务wu，意yi气qi勤qin勤qin恳ken恳ken。若ruo望wang仆pu不bu相xiang师shi，而er用yong流liu俗su人ren之zhi言yan，仆pu非fei敢gan如ru此ci也ye。仆pu虽sui罢ba驽nu，亦yi尝chang侧ce闻wen长zhang者zhe之zhi遗yi风feng矣yi。顾gu自zi以yi为wei身shen残can处chu秽hui，动dong而er见jian尤you，欲yu益yi反fan损sun，是shi以yi独du郁yu悒yi而er无wu谁shui语yu。谚yan曰yue：“谁shui为wei为wei之zhi？孰shu令ling听ting之zhi？”盖gai钟zhong子zi期qi死si，伯bo牙ya终zhong身shen不bu复fu鼓gu琴qin。何he则ze？士shi为wei知zhi己ji者zhe用yong，女nv为wei说shuo己ji者zhe容rong。若ruo仆pu大da质zhi已yi亏kui缺que矣yi，虽sui材cai怀huai随sui和he，行xing若ruo由you夷yi，终zhong不bu可ke以yi为wei荣rong，适shi足zu以yi发fa笑xiao而er自zi点dian耳er。

书shu辞ci宜yi答da，会hui东dong从cong上shang来lai，又you迫po贱jian事shi，相xiang见jian日ri浅qian，卒zu卒zu无wu须xu臾yu之zhi间jian，得de竭jie指zhi意yi。今jin少shao卿qing抱bao不bu测ce之zhi罪zui，涉she旬xun月yue，迫po季ji冬dong，仆pu又you薄bao从cong上shang雍yong，恐kong卒zu然ran不bu可ke为wei讳hui，是shi仆pu终zhong已yi不bu得de舒shu愤fen懑men以yi晓xiao左zuo右you，则ze长zhang逝shi者zhe魂hun魄po私si恨hen无wu穷qiong。请qing略lve陈chen固gu陋lou。阙que然ran久jiu不bu报bao，幸xing勿wu为wei过guo。

仆pu闻wen之zhi：修xiu身shen者zhe，智zhi之zhi符fu也ye；爱ai施shi者zhe，仁ren之zhi端duan也ye；取qu予yu者zhe，义yi之zhi表biao也ye；耻chi辱ru者zhe，勇yong之zhi决jue也ye；立li名ming者zhe，行xing之zhi极ji也ye。士shi有you此ci五wu者zhe，然ran后hou可ke以yi托tuo于yu世shi，列lie于yu君jun子zi之zhi林lin矣yi。故gu祸huo莫mo憯can于yu欲yu利li，悲bei莫mo痛tong于yu伤shang心xin，行xing莫mo丑chou于yu辱ru先xian，诟gou莫mo大da于yu宫gong刑xing。刑xing余yu之zhi人ren，无wu所suo比bi数shu，非fei一yi世shi也ye，所suo从cong来lai远yuan矣yi。昔xi卫wei灵ling公gong与yu雍yong渠qu同tong载zai，孔kong子zi适shi陈chen；商shang鞅yang因yin景jing监jian见jian，赵zhao良liang寒han心xin；同tong子zi参can乘cheng，袁yuan丝si变bian色se：自zi古gu而er耻chi之zhi！夫fu以yi中zhong材cai之zhi人ren，事shi有you关guan于yu宦huan竖shu，莫mo不bu伤shang气qi，而er况kuang于yu慷kang慨kai之zhi士shi乎hu！如ru今jin朝chao廷ting虽sui乏fa人ren，奈nai何he令ling刀dao锯ju之zhi余yu，荐jian天tian下xia之zhi豪hao俊jun哉zai！仆pu赖lai先xian人ren绪xu业ye，得de待dai罪zui辇nian毂gu下xia，二er十shi余yu年nian矣yi。所suo以yi自zi惟wei：上shang之zhi，不bu能neng纳na忠zhong效xiao信xin，有you奇qi策ce材cai力li之zhi誉yu，自zi结jie明ming主zhu；次ci之zhi，又you不bu能neng拾shi遗yi补bu阙que，招zhao贤xian进jin能neng，显xian岩yan穴xue之zhi士shi；外wai之zhi，不bu能neng备bei行xing伍wu，攻gong城cheng野ye战zhan，有you斩zhan将jiang搴qian旗qi之zhi功gong；下xia之zhi，不bu能neng积ji日ri累lei劳lao，取qu尊zun官guan厚hou禄lu，以yi为wei宗zong族zu交jiao游you光guang宠chong。四si者zhe无wu一yi遂sui，苟gou合he取qu容rong，无wu所suo短duan长zhang之zhi效xiao，可ke见jian于yu此ci矣yi。乡xiang者zhe，仆pu亦yi尝chang厕ce下xia大da夫fu之zhi列lie，陪pei外wai廷ting末mo议yi。不bu以yi此ci时shi引yin维wei纲gang，尽jin思si虑lv，今jin已yi亏kui形xing为wei扫sao除chu之zhi隶li，在zai阘da茸rong之zhi中zhong，乃nai欲yu仰yang首shou伸shen眉mei，论lun列lie是shi非fei，不bu亦yi轻qing朝chao廷ting、羞xiu当dang世shi之zhi士shi邪xie？嗟jie乎hu！嗟jie乎hu！如ru仆pu尚shang何he言yan哉zai！尚shang何he言yan哉zai！

且qie事shi本ben末mo未wei易yi明ming也ye。仆pu少shao负fu不bu羁ji之zhi才cai，长zhang无wu乡xiang曲qu之zhi誉yu，主zhu上shang幸xing以yi先xian人ren之zhi故gu，使shi得de奉feng薄bao伎ji，出chu入ru周zhou卫wei之zhi中zhong。仆pu以yi为wei戴dai盆pen何he以yi望wang天tian，故gu绝jue宾bin客ke之zhi知zhi，忘wang室shi家jia之zhi业ye，日ri夜ye思si竭jie其qi不bu肖xiao之zhi材cai力li，务wu一yi心xin营ying职zhi，以yi求qiu亲qin媚mei于yu主zhu上shang。而er事shi乃nai有you大da谬miu不bu然ran者zhe！

夫fu仆pu与yu李li陵ling俱ju居ju门men下xia，素su非fei能neng相xiang善shan也ye。趣qu舍she异yi路lu，未wei尝chang衔xian杯bei酒jiu，接jie殷yin勤qin之zhi余yu欢huan。然ran仆pu观guan其qi为wei人ren，自zi守shou奇qi士shi，事shi亲qin孝xiao，与yu士shi信xin，临lin财cai廉lian，取qu予yu义yi，分fen别bie有you让rang，恭gong俭jian下xia人ren，常chang思si奋fen不bu顾gu身shen，以yi徇xun国guo家jia之zhi急ji。其qi素su所suo蓄xu积ji也ye，仆pu以yi为wei有you国guo士shi之zhi风feng。夫fu人ren臣chen出chu万wan死si不bu顾gu一yi生sheng之zhi计ji，赴fu公gong家jia之zhi难nan，斯si已yi奇qi矣yi。今jin举ju事shi一yi不bu当dang，而er全quan躯qu保bao妻qi子zi之zhi臣chen随sui而er媒mei孽nie其qi短duan，仆pu诚cheng私si心xin痛tong之zhi。且qie李li陵ling提ti步bu卒zu不bu满man五wu千qian，深shen践jian戎rong马ma之zhi地di，足zu历li王wang庭ting，垂chui饵er虎hu口kou，横heng挑tiao强qiang胡hu，仰yang亿yi万wan之zhi师shi，与yu单dan于yu连lian战zhan十shi有you余yu日ri，所suo杀sha过guo当dang。虏lu救jiu死si扶fu伤shang不bu给gei，旃zhan裘qiu之zhi君jun长zhang咸xian震zhen怖bu，乃nai悉xi征zheng其qi左zuo、右you贤xian王wang，举ju引yin弓gong之zhi民min，一yi国guo共gong攻gong而er围wei之zhi。转zhuan斗dou千qian里li，矢shi尽jin道dao穷qiong，救jiu兵bing不bu至zhi，士shi卒zu死si伤shang如ru积ji。然ran陵ling一yi呼hu劳lao军jun，士shi无wu不bu起qi，躬gong自zi流liu涕ti，沬mei血xue饮yin泣qi，更geng张zhang空kong弮quan，冒mao白bai刃ren，北bei首shou争zheng死si敌di者zhe。陵ling未wei没mei时shi，使shi有you来lai报bao，汉han公gong卿qing王wang侯hou皆jie奉feng觞shang上shang寿shou。后hou数shu日ri，陵ling败bai书shu闻wen，主zhu上shang为wei之zhi食shi不bu甘gan味wei，听ting朝chao不bu怡yi。大da臣chen忧you惧ju，不bu知zhi所suo出chu。仆pu窃qie不bu自zi料liao其qi卑bei贱jian，见jian主zhu上shang惨can凄qi怛da悼dao，诚cheng欲yu效xiao其qi款kuan款kuan之zhi愚yu，以yi为wei李li陵ling素su与yu士shi大da夫fu绝jue甘gan分fen少shao，能neng得de人ren之zhi死si力li，虽sui古gu之zhi名ming将jiang，不bu能neng过guo也ye。身shen虽sui陷xian败bai，彼bi观guan其qi意yi，且qie欲yu得de其qi当dang而er报bao于yu汉han。事shi已yi无wu可ke奈nai何he，其qi所suo摧cui败bai，功gong亦yi足zu以yi暴bao于yu天tian下xia矣yi。仆pu怀huai欲yu陈chen之zhi，而er未wei有you路lu，适shi会hui召zhao问wen，即ji以yi此ci指zhi，推tui言yan陵ling之zhi功gong，欲yu以yi广guang主zhu上shang之zhi意yi，塞sai睚ya眦zi之zhi辞ci。未wei能neng尽jin明ming，明ming主zhu不bu晓xiao，以yi为wei仆pu沮ju贰er师shi，而er为wei李li陵ling游you说shuo，遂sui下xia于yu理li。拳quan拳quan之zhi忠zhong，终zhong不bu能neng自zi列lie。因yin为wei诬wu上shang，卒zu从cong吏li议yi。家jia贫pin，货huo赂lu不bu足zu以yi自zi赎shu，交jiao游you莫mo救jiu，左zuo右you亲qin近jin不bu为wei一yi言yan。身shen非fei木mu石shi，独du与yu法fa吏li为wei伍wu，深shen幽you囹ling圄yu之zhi中zhong，谁shui可ke告gao愬su者zhe！此ci真zhen少shao卿qing所suo亲qin见jian，仆pu行xing事shi岂qi不bu然ran乎hu？李li陵ling既ji生sheng降jiang，隤tui其qi家jia声sheng，而er仆pu又you佴er之zhi蚕can室shi，重zhong为wei天tian下xia观guan笑xiao。悲bei夫fu！悲bei夫fu！事shi未wei易yi一yi二er为wei俗su人ren言yan也ye。

仆pu之zhi先xian非fei有you剖pou符fu丹dan书shu之zhi功gong，文wen史shi星xing历li，近jin乎hu卜bo祝zhu之zhi间jian，固gu主zhu上shang所suo戏xi弄nong，倡chang优you所suo畜chu，流liu俗su之zhi所suo轻qing也ye。假jia令ling仆pu伏fu法fa受shou诛zhu，若ruo九jiu牛niu亡wang一yi毛mao，与yu蝼lou蚁yi何he以yi异yi？而er世shi又you不bu与yu能neng死si节jie者zhe比bi，特te以yi为wei智zhi穷qiong罪zui极ji，不bu能neng自zi免mian，卒zu就jiu死si耳er。何he也ye？素su所suo自zi树shu立li使shi然ran也ye。人ren固gu有you一yi死si，或huo重zhong于yu泰tai山shan，或huo轻qing于yu鸿hong毛mao，用yong之zhi所suo趋qu异yi也ye。太tai上shang不bu辱ru先xian，其qi次ci不bu辱ru身shen，其qi次ci不bu辱ru理li色se，其qi次ci不bu辱ru辞ci令ling，其qi次ci诎qu体ti受shou辱ru，其qi次ci易yi服fu受shou辱ru，其qi次ci关guan木mu索suo、被bei箠chui楚chu受shou辱ru，其qi次ci剔ti毛mao发fa、婴ying金jin铁tie受shou辱ru，其qi次ci毁hui肌ji肤fu、断duan肢zhi体ti受shou辱ru，最zui下xia腐fu刑xing极ji矣yi！传chuan曰yue“刑xing不bu上shang大da夫fu。”此ci言yan士shi节jie不bu可ke不bu勉mian厉li也ye。猛meng虎hu在zai深shen山shan，百bai兽shou震zhen恐kong，及ji在zai槛kan阱jing之zhi中zhong，摇yao尾wei而er求qiu食shi，积ji威wei约yue之zhi渐jian也ye。故gu士shi有you画hua地di为wei牢lao，势shi不bu可ke入ru；削xue木mu为wei吏li，议yi不bu可ke对dui，定ding计ji于yu鲜xian也ye。今jin交jiao手shou足zu，受shou木mu索suo，暴bao肌ji肤fu，受shou榜bang箠chui，幽you于yu圜huan墙qiang之zhi中zhong。当dang此ci之zhi时shi，见jian狱yu吏li则ze头tou抢qiang地di，视shi徒tu隶li则ze心xin惕ti息xi。何he者zhe？积ji威wei约yue之zhi势shi也ye。及ji以yi至zhi是shi，言yan不bu辱ru者zhe，所suo谓wei强qiang颜yan耳er，曷he足zu贵gui乎hu！且qie西xi伯bo，伯bo也ye，拘ju于yu羑you里li；李li斯si，相xiang也ye，具ju于yu五wu刑xing；淮huai阴yin，王wang也ye，受shou械xie于yu陈chen；彭peng越yue、张zhang敖ao，南nan面mian称cheng孤gu，系xi狱yu抵di罪zui；绛jiang侯hou诛zhu诸zhu吕lv，权quan倾qing五wu伯bo，囚qiu于yu请qing室shi；魏wei其qi，大da将jiang也ye，衣yi赭zhe衣yi，关guan三san木mu；季ji布bu为wei朱zhu家jia钳qian奴nu；灌guan夫fu受shou辱ru于yu居ju室shi。此ci人ren皆jie身shen至zhi王wang侯hou将jiang相xiang，声sheng闻wen邻lin国guo，及ji罪zui至zhi罔wang加jia，不bu能neng引yin决jue自zi裁cai，在zai尘chen埃ai之zhi中zhong。古gu今jin一yi体ti，安an在zai其qi不bu辱ru也ye？由you此ci言yan之zhi，勇yong怯qie，势shi也ye；强qiang弱ruo，形xing也ye。审shen矣yi，何he足zu怪guai乎hu？夫fu人ren不bu能neng早zao自zi裁cai绳sheng墨mo之zhi外wai，以yi稍shao陵ling迟chi，至zhi于yu鞭bian箠chui之zhi间jian，乃nai欲yu引yin节jie，斯si不bu亦yi远yuan乎hu！古gu人ren所suo以yi重zhong施shi刑xing于yu大da夫fu者zhe，殆dai为wei此ci也ye。

夫fu人ren情qing莫mo不bu贪tan生sheng恶e死si，念nian父fu母mu，顾gu妻qi子zi，至zhi激ji于yu义yi理li者zhe不bu然ran，乃nai有you所suo不bu得de已yi也ye。今jin仆pu不bu幸xing，早zao失shi父fu母mu，无wu兄xiong弟di之zhi亲qin，独du身shen孤gu立li，少shao卿qing视shi仆pu于yu妻qi子zi何he如ru哉zai？且qie勇yong者zhe不bu必bi死si节jie，怯qie夫fu慕mu义yi，何he处chu不bu勉mian焉yan！仆pu虽sui怯qie懦nuo，欲yu苟gou活huo，亦yi颇po识shi去qu就jiu之zhi分fen矣yi，何he至zhi自zi沉chen溺ni缧lei绁xie之zhi辱ru哉zai！且qie夫fu臧zang获huo婢bi妾qie，犹you能neng引yin决jue，况kuang仆pu之zhi不bu得de已yi乎hu？所suo以yi隐yin忍ren苟gou活huo，幽you于yu粪fen土tu之zhi中zhong而er不bu辞ci者zhe，恨hen私si心xin有you所suo不bu尽jin，鄙bi陋lou没mei世shi，而er文wen采cai不bu表biao于yu后hou也ye。

古gu者zhe富fu贵gui而er名ming摩mo灭mie，不bu可ke胜sheng记ji，唯wei倜ti傥tang非fei常chang之zhi人ren称cheng焉yan。盖gai文wen王wang拘ju而er演yan《周zhou易yi》；仲zhong尼ni厄e而er作zuo《春chun秋qiu》；屈qu原yuan放fang逐zhu，乃nai赋fu《离li骚sao》；左zuo丘qiu失shi明ming，厥jue有you《国guo语yu》；孙sun子zi膑bin脚jiao，《兵bing法fa》修xiu列lie；不bu韦wei迁qian蜀shu，世shi传chuan《吕lv览lan》；韩han非fei囚qiu秦qin，《说shuo难nan》《孤gu愤fen》；《诗shi》三san百bai篇pian，大da底di圣sheng贤xian发fa愤fen之zhi所suo为wei作zuo也ye。此ci人ren皆jie意yi有you所suo郁yu结jie，不bu得de通tong其qi道dao，故gu述shu往wang事shi、思si来lai者zhe。乃nai如ru左zuo丘qiu无wu目mu，孙sun子zi断duan足zu，终zhong不bu可ke用yong，退tui而er论lun书shu策ce，以yi舒shu其qi愤fen，思si垂chui空kong文wen以yi自zi见jian。

仆pu窃qie不bu逊xun，近jin自zi托tuo于yu无wu能neng之zhi辞ci，网wang罗luo天tian下xia放fang失shi旧jiu闻wen，略lve考kao其qi行xing事shi，综zong其qi终zhong始shi，稽ji其qi成cheng败bai兴xing坏huai之zhi纪ji，上shang计ji轩xuan辕yuan，下xia至zhi于yu兹zi，为wei十shi表biao，本ben纪ji十shi二er，书shu八ba章zhang，世shi家jia三san十shi，列lie传chuan七qi十shi，凡fan百bai三san十shi篇pian。亦yi欲yu以yi究jiu天tian人ren之zhi际ji，通tong古gu今jin之zhi变bian，成cheng一yi家jia之zhi言yan。草cao创chuang未wei就jiu，会hui遭zao此ci祸huo，惜xi其qi不bu成cheng，是shi以yi就jiu极ji刑xing而er无wu愠yun色se。仆pu诚cheng以yi著zhu此ci书shu，藏cang之zhi名ming山shan，传chuan之zhi其qi人ren，通tong邑yi大da都dou，则ze仆pu偿chang前qian辱ru之zhi责ze，虽sui万wan被bei戮lu，岂qi有you悔hui哉zai！然ran此ci可ke为wei智zhi者zhe道dao，难nan为wei俗su人ren言yan也ye！

且qie负fu下xia未wei易yi居ju，下xia流liu多duo谤bang议yi。仆pu以yi口kou语yu遇yu遭zao此ci祸huo，重zhong为wei乡xiang党dang所suo笑xiao，以yi污wu辱ru先xian人ren，亦yi何he面mian目mu复fu上shang父fu母mu之zhi丘qiu墓mu乎hu？虽sui累lei百bai世shi，垢gou弥mi甚shen耳er！是shi以yi肠chang一yi日ri而er九jiu回hui，居ju则ze忽hu忽hu若ruo有you所suo亡wang，出chu则ze不bu知zhi其qi所suo往wang。每mei念nian斯si耻chi，汗han未wei尝chang不bu发fa背bei沾zhan衣yi也ye！身shen直zhi为wei闺gui阁ge之zhi臣chen，宁ning得de自zi引yin深shen藏cang于yu岩yan穴xue邪xie？故gu且qie从cong俗su浮fu沉chen，与yu时shi俯fu仰yang，以yi通tong其qi狂kuang惑huo。今jin少shao卿qing乃nai教jiao以yi推tui贤xian进jin士shi，无wu乃nai与yu仆pu私si心xin剌la谬miu乎hu？今jin虽sui欲yu自zi雕diao琢zuo，曼man辞ci以yi自zi饰shi，无wu益yi，于yu俗su不bu信xin，适shi足zu取qu辱ru耳er。要yao之zhi，死si日ri然ran后hou是shi非fei乃nai定ding。书shu不bu能neng悉xi意yi，故gu略lve陈chen固gu陋lou。谨jin再zai拜bai。